Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a German expressionist painter and printmaker bordell side one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century art. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. His work was branded as "degenerate" by the Nazis inand in more than of his works were sold or destroyed. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was born in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria. His parents were of Prussian descent and his mother was a descendant of the Huguenots, a fact to which Kirchner often referred. As Kirchner's father searched for a job, the family moved frequently and Kirchner attended schools in Frankfurt and Perlen until his father earned the position of Professor of Paper Sciences at the College of technology in Chemnitz, where Kirchner attended secondary school. Although Kirchner's parents encouraged his artistic career they also wanted him to complete his formal education so inhe began studying architecture at the Königliche Technische Hochschule royal technical university of Dresden. The institution provided a wide range of studies in addition to architecture, such as freehand drawing, perspective drawing and the historical study of art. While in attendance, he became close friends with Fritz Bleyl, whom Kirchner met during the first term. They discussed art together and also studied nature, having a radical outlook in common. Kirchner continued studies in Munich from toreturning to Dresden in to complete his degree. InKirchner, along with Bleyl and two other architecture students, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Erich Heckel, founded the artists group Die Brücke "The Bridge". From then on, he committed himself to art. The group aimed to eschew the prevalent traditional academic style and find bordell side new mode of artistic expression, which would form a bridge hence the name between the past and the present. They responded both to past artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and Lucas Cranach the Elder, as well as contemporary international avant-garde movements. As part of the affirmation of their national heritage, they revived older media, particularly woodcut prints. Their group was one of the seminal ones which in due course had a major impact on the bordell side of modern art in the 20th century and created the style of Expressionism. The group met initially in Kirchner's first studio, which had previously been a butcher's shop. Kirchner's studio became a venue which overthrew social conventions to allow casual love-making and frequent nudity. Group life-drawing sessions took place using models from the social circle, rather than professionals, and choosing quarter-hour poses to encourage spontaneity. Bleyl described one such model, Isabella, a fifteen-year-old girl from the neighbourhood, as "a very lively, beautifully built, joyous individual, without any deformation caused by the silly fashion of the corset and completely suitable to our artistic demands, especially in the blossoming condition of her girlish buds. A bordell side manifesto written by Kirchner in stated that "Everyone who reproduces, directly and without illusion, whatever he senses the urge to create, belongs to us". In September and Octoberthe first group bordell side was held, focused on the female nude, in the showroom of K. Seifert and Co. Between andhe stayed during the summer at the Moritzburg lakes and on the island of Fehmarn which he revisited until with bordell side Brücke members; his work featured the female nude in natural settings. Inhe moved to Berlin, where he founded a private art school, MIUM-Institut, in collaboration with Max Pechstein with the aim of promulgating "Moderner Unterricht im Malen" modern teaching of painting. This was not a success and closed the following year, bordell side he also began a relationship with Erna Schilling that lasted the rest of his life. Inhis writing of Chronik der Brücke Brücke chronicle led to the ending of the group. At this time, bordell side established an individual identity with his first solo exhibition, which took place at the Essen Folkwang Museum. At the onset of the First World War in SeptemberKirchner volunteered for military service. In July he was sent to Halle an der Saale to train as a driver in the reserve unit of the 75th Mansfeld Field Artillery Regiment. Kirchner's riding instructor, Professor Hans Fehr, arranged for Kirchner to be discharged after a mental breakdown. Kirchner then returned to Berlin and continued to work, producing many paintings including Self-Portrait as a Soldier ; in December he was admitted to Dr. In a letter to Dr. Karl Hagemann, a friend and patron, Kirchner writes: "After lengthy struggles I now find myself here for a time to put my mind into some kind of order. It is a terribly difficult thing, of course, to be among strangers so much of the day. For the time being, I would like more peace and absolute seclusion. Of course, I long more and more for my work and my studio. Theories may be all very well for keeping a spiritual balance, but they are grey and shadowy compared with work and life". ThroughoutKirchner periodically returned to Berlin for a few weeks at a time to continue his work at his studio; he also produced a series of oil paintings, and many drawings, during his stays in Königstein. After an exhibition of his work at the gallery of Ludwig Schames, in Frankfurt am Main, in OctoberKirchner bordell side many works and began to do well financially. In December, he suffered from a nervous breakdown and was admitted to Dr. Inat the suggestion of Eberhard Grisebach [de], Helene Spengler invited Kirchner to Davos where he viewed an exhibition of Ferdinand Hodler's paintings. Kirchner's first visit to Davos coincided bordell side a spell of exceptionally cold weather and he returned to Berlin after a stay of only ten days. Eberhard Grisebach visited him in March, writing to Helen Spengler of Kirchner's condition: "I spent two mornings with Kirchner which I shall never forget.
He was also visited in Frauenkirch by the painter Fritz Winter. After an exhibition of his work at the gallery of Ludwig Schames, in Frankfurt am Main, in October , Kirchner sold many works and began to do well financially. There is a war in the air. Each picture had its own particular colourful character, a great sadness was present in all of them; what I had previously found to be incomprehensible and unfinished now created the same delicate and sensitive impression as his personality. Archived from the original on 4 September References [ edit ].
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