Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure sex pa forste date ok sex dating nummer. Corresponding Author: Valerie Simon, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, 71 East Ferry Street, Detroit, MIUSA. The need to make meaning of childhood sexual abuse CSA is common and often persists long after the abuse ends. Although believed to be essential for healthy recovery, there is a paucity of research on how youth process their CSA experiences. The current study identified individual differences in the ways youth process their CSA and examined associations with psychosocial adjustment. A sample of youth with confirmed abuse histories enrolled in the study within 8 weeks of abuse discovery, when they were between 8 and 15 years old. Six years later, they participated in interviews about their CSA experiences, reactions, and perceived effects. Absorbed youth reported the highest levels of psychopathological symptoms, sexual problems, and abuse-specific stigmatization, whereas Constructive youth tended to report the fewest problems. Avoidant youth showed significantly more problems than Constructive youth in some but not all areas. Interventions that build healthy processing skills may promote positive recovery by sex pa forste date ok sex dating nummer tools for constructing adaptive meanings of the abuse, both in its immediate aftermath and over time. Keywords: sexual abuse, meaning making, narratives, PTSD, depression, sexual problems, stigma. Processing allows youth to elaborate trauma memories into organized accounts and better tolerate negative emotions associated with abuse events Brewin et al. These activities pave the way for meaning making, a type of conceptual processing whereby youth can reappraise cognitive or emotional reactions to the abuse that undermine well-being and construct more adaptive meanings Brewin et al. By re-storying the abuse, youth can develop narratives of their CSA experiences that allow for psychological comfort and healthy development. Unfortunately, these efforts are often unsuccessful. For many, processing CSA experiences is complicated by distressing memories, difficult emotions e. Clarifying how youth attempt to process CSA may help identify those at risk for developing problems. The broader literature on trauma-related coping styles suggested three potential strategies for processing CSA-related memories, cognitions, and emotions Brewin et al. Our conceptualization of Constructive processing derives from the writings of Horowitzwho suggested that successful adaptation requires gradually working through trauma in manageable doses. This entails an effortful balance between attending to and disengaging from abuse-related memories, emotions, and cognitions, which protects youth from becoming overwhelmed. Although not without discomfort, this strategy allows youth to gradually construct more adaptive meanings that alleviate distress and promote positive adjustment Brewin et al. We expected that Constructive CSA narratives would evidence deliberate processing; willingness to revisit past and present emotions and appraisals; efforts to pace and regulate exposure to CSA material; and openness to new perspectives on CSA experiences. Our Absorbed and Avoidant strategies capture what Horowitz and others e. The Absorbed strategy involves excessive attention to and engrossment in abuse-related memories, emotions, or appraisals. In contrast, the Avoidant strategy involves a pattern of habitual disengagement from CSA material. If trauma processing is essential to posttraumatic recovery, individual differences in processing strategies should be associated with adjustment. Accordingly, we hypothesized that those with a Constructive strategy would report the lowest levels of various problems frequently associated with CSA, including PTSD, dissociation, depression, and sexual problems. Because both abuse-specific self-blame and shame reflect self-disparaging ways of evaluating CSA experiences, we expected that those with a Constructive strategy would exhibit lower levels of both as compared to those with Absorbed or Avoidant strategies. Most studies of trauma processing focus on adults, with few studies examining sexual abuse. Furthermore, the variable-centered, questionnaire approach that typifies many of these studies may obscure important individual differences in trauma processing. In addition, measures that focus on single variables may cluster different types of processing styles at the scale ends. For example, low scores on a continuous measure of absorbed processing may reflect either high levels of avoidance or high levels of healthy processing. Similarly, low scores on a measure of avoidant processing could indicate high use of either absorbed or healthy processing strategies. To clearly distinguish primary strategies for processing CSA experiences, we analyzed the abuse narratives of youth with confirmed CSA histories. Rather than a factual recounting of events, narratives reveal the constructive process by which individuals organize and evaluate past events in light of current conditions Riessman, Although not without merit, these approaches cannot discriminate those who are more or less successful in their attempts to process abuse experiences. The current study uses a structural analysis that focuses on how youth approach and organize their narrative accounts to identify individual differences in the ways youth attend to and evaluate CSA memories, affects, and cognitions.
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